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Buckling

These formulas are used for the calculation of relative slenderness ratios λrel,y and λrel,z

where is:

λy , λz

  • Slenderness ratios corresponding to bending about the y and z axis

kc

  • Instability factor, the lesser of kc,y and kc,z is considered

fc,0,k

  • Characteristic compressive strength along the grain

Slenderness ratios λy, λz are calculated using these formulas

where is:

lcr,y , lcr,z

  • Buckling lengths corresponding to bending about the y and z axis

iy , iz

  • Radius of gyration corresponding to bending about the y and z axis

The instability factors kc,y and kc,z are calculated using following formulas

where is:

λrel,y , λrel,z

  • Relative slenderness ratios corresponding to bending about the y and z axis

ky , kz

  • Instability factors calculated using following formulas

where is:

λrel,y , λrel,z

  • Relative slenderness ratios corresponding to bending about the y and z axis

βc

  • Straightness factor equal to 0.2 for solid timber and 0.1 for glued laminated timber

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